jasa pengeboran dan peledakan

Explosives
1.1 LIMITATION
1.1.1. Deck
-A stable body which when subjected to proper stimulation will quickly change from pdt / liquid to hot n expansive gas which results in surrounding tech (Grolier).
-Bhn / camp which can react in a short time and produce energy in large quantities because there is a very large volume of gas at a very high T followed by very high mechanical, visual and acoustic effects (Berta G)
-Bhn / substances which are in the form of pdt, liquid, gas or camp which when subjected to an action in the form of heat, the impact / friction will change chemically into other substances which are mostly or entirely gaseous and these changes occur in a very short time with the effect of pns and P which is very high (Presidential Decree No. 5 year 1998)

1.1.2.Blasting Agent

1.Dry Blasting Agent (ANFO)
A granular camp consisting of combustion / oxidizing materials intended for detonation, where all the camps cannot be classified as rhinos and the resulting camp cannot be detonated using blasting cap No. 8.

2.Slurry / Emulsion / Watergel Blasting Agent
Camp oxidizing agents (NaNO3, NHNO3), fuel sensitizer, and about 15-20% water in + gelling agent cause slurry on water.

1.2 MATERIALS AND COMP
Commercial rhino contains compound camps containing C, H, N, O. Kmd to obtain the ttu effect sometimes at +2 sensitizers Na, Al, Ca.

1.2.1. Zero Oxygen Balanced
In rhino get oxygen in the right amount so that during the whole reaction H will form H2O, C? CO2 and N? N2 is free.
3NH4NO3 + CH2? 7H2O + CO2 + 3N2
Negative Oxigen Balance:
2NH4NO3 + CH2? 5H2O + N2 + CO
Positive OB
5NH4NO3 + CH2? 11H2) + CO2 + 4N2 + 2NO
ZOB formula:
Rhino is only found in CHNO element
ZOB = Oo-2Co-0.5Ho
If there are additional elements (Na, Ca, Al)
ZOB = (Oo – 0.5Nao – Cao – …) –2Co – 0.5Ho

1.2.2 Blasting reaction
The reaction that generates heat and generally the heat generated is very high, the gas forms very quickly and produces very high pressure.
-Deflagration: shows a high-speed combustion reaction accompanied by a very fast gas expansion in a limited space so that it creates a very large pressure and causes a lifting effect which is proportional to the combustion process.
-Detonation: describes the propagation process of shock gel through a rhino column which is followed by a chemical reaction that adds energy to stimulate shock gel propagation, followed by gas expansion in a very short time.

1.3. CLASSIFICATION OF BADAK
Presidential Decree No. 5/1988 also Decree of the Minister of Defense and Security No SKEP / 974? VI? 1988 divides rhinos into:
1. Industrial Explosive Decks
2. Military Explosives Deck

Industrial Rhino Distinguished according to its shock gel (Jimeno):
1. Sudden Rapid (Rapid n Detonating Explosives)
speed 2000-7000 m / sec and differentiated into primary (high energy and sensitive, for detonator and print primers such as mercury fulminate, PETN, Pentolite) and secondary which is less sensitive is used for the filling of explosive holes
2Badak Slow (Slow n Deflagrating Exp)
Kecwh below 2000 m / s

Rhino according to Manon:
1. High explosives
Detonation rate: 1600-7500 m / s, properties: detonation (propagation of the shock gel) and produces a shattering effect
2. Weak deck (Low Exp)
Reaction rate less than 1600 m / s, Characteristics: deflagration (chemical reaction that is very fast and causes a heaving effect)

Industrial Rhino based on its composition:
1. Black Powder [8C + 3S + 10KNO3? 3K2CO3 + 2K2CO3 + CO2 + SN2]
2. Dinamite
-Straight Dinamite: dynamite with NG comp (20-57%) and NaNO3 as oxygen carrier (59-23%).
-Gelatine Dinamite: dynamite with gelatine (NG and nitrocellulose) blasting at + NaNO3 / KNO3.
-Amonium Gelatine Dinamite: dynamite with gelatine comp blasting di + NH4NO3
3. Permissible Explosive
Rhino is strong for TBT especially TA BB with Comp Ammonium Gelatine dynamite in + flame depressant (NaCl) to get low T, less gas Vol and ignition as short as possible.
BG + NH4NO3 + NaCl
4. Blasting agent? ANFO, ALANFO, Slurry / watergel / emulsions, heavy ANFO

1.4. BADAK PROPERTIES

1. Strength
related to the energy content possessed by the rhino and the size of the rhino’s ability to do work (%)
2.Kec Detonation
small detonation gel that breaks along the rhino filling column (m / s).
Factors: type of rhino (grain size, body weight), D dodol / D shooting holes, degree of confinement, initial ignition.
3. Sensitivity
Measure the amount of impulse needed for the rhino to start reacting and spread the explosive reaction throughout the stuffing.
Factor: chemical comp, grain size, content bbt, water content, T.
-Sensitivity to impact (sensivity to shock / impact)
-kep to friction (friction)
-kep thd heat (heat)
-Kep to another rhino explosion from that distance (gap sensivity)
4.Bbt Contents Cdk
Comparison between rhino weight and vol (gr / cm3)
-SG: ratio of density of rhino to density of water at standard con- nection (0.6-1.7)
-Stick Count: number of standard lunkhead 1 ¼ “x 8” in 1 50 pound box (232-83)
-Loading density: rhino weight per unit of length.
5. Detonation pressure
The spread of blast wave tech in the rhino stuffing column (Kilobar / kb). Kb: 5-150 kb
6. Water Resistance
The rhino’s ability to withstand water seepage in time without damaging, changing or reducing the sensitivity (clock)

Water resistance level:
-Perfect (excellent) yr on water> 12 hours
-Very good? 8-12 hours
-Good (good)? 4-8 hours
-Enough (Fair)? <4 hours
-Bad (poor) not yr. To water
7. Nature of Toxic Gas
Rhino explodes producing: smoke / fumes
Smoke is insignificant because it only consists of white steam / smoke.
Fumes are yellow and green because they are toxic and contain carbon monoxide CO and nitrogen oxides NO8.

1.5. EXPLOSION EQUIPMENT
the material needed to make the blasting circuit so that the rhino stuffing can be ignited (only for one lighting)
1.detonator
-Electric sec / EBC: instantaneous sec, delay sec
-det is usually used with fire
-power cable
– tape insulator
2.Sb Fire with equipment: ignitor cord, igniter cord connector
3.Sb Explosive: Ms Connector / detonating relay / delay connector.

1.6. EXPLOSION EQUIPMENT
The tools needed to test and ignite the blasting circuit so that they can be used repeatedly.
1. Blasting Machine (DC electrical energy source) along with Ohm-meter, rheostat
2.Cap Crimper
3. Main cable (bus wire, leading wire), namely the cable connecting BM to the blasting circuit.

1.7. ELECTION OF THE BADAK
1. the price of the rhino and its equipment
2. Availability in the market and continuity of supply
3. The characteristics of the bat that will be dismantled
4.Vol bat to be dismantled
5. Working conditions
6.Mslh Circle
7. Applicable regulations

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